Enhancing Crop Resilience Through CRISPR-Mediated Modification of Defense-Related Genes

Climate change, environmental stresses, and evolving pathogens pose major threats to global food security. Developing resilient crops with robust defense mechanisms is crucial to ensure sustainable agricultural production in the face of these challenges. CRISPR-based genome editing has emerged as a powerful tool for precisely modifying plant genes to enhance stress tolerance and disease resistance. This review explores recent advancements in CRISPR-mediated modification of defense-related genes in major crops. We discuss the targeting of key defense pathways, such as the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling networks, to boost plant immunity against pathogens. Additionally, we highlight strategies for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance by modifying genes involved in antioxidant systems, osmotic regulation, and heat shock proteins. The potential of multiplex gene editing for simultaneously targeting multiple defense traits is also examined. Furthermore, we address the challenges and future prospects of translating CRISPR-engineered crops from the laboratory to the field, including regulatory considerations and public acceptance. By harnessing the precision and versatility of CRISPR technology, we can develop climate-resilient crops with fortified defense systems, contributing to a more secure and sustainable food future.